Pedagogical Research

• Afari, E., & Khine, M. (2017). Robotics as an educational tool: Impact of lego mindstorms. International Journal of Information and Education Technology, 7(6), 437-442. https://doi.org/10.18178/ijiet
• Ajlouni, A. (2023). The impact of instruction-based LEGO® Wedo 2.0 robotic and hypermedia on students’ intrinsic motivation to learn science. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies, 17(1), 22-39. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v17i01.35663
• Alimisis, D. (2013). Educational robotics: Open questions and new challenges. Themes in Science and Technology Education, 6(1), 63-71.
• AlQarzaie, K. N., & AlEnezi, S. A. (2022). Using LEGO MINDSTORMS in primary schools: Perspective of educational sector. International Journal of Online & Biomedical Engineering, 18(1), 139-147. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v18i01.27579
• Araujo, V., Mendez, D., & Gonzalez, A. (2019). A novel approach to working memory training based on robotics and AI. Information, 10(11), Article 350. https://doi.org/10.3390/info10110350
• Arís, N., & Orcos, L. (2019). Educational robotics in the stage of secondary education: Empirical study on motivation and STEM skills. Education Sciences, 9(2), Article 73. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci9020073
• Aslanoglou, K., Papazoglou, T., & Karagiannidis, C. (2018). Educational robotics and down syndrome: Investigating student performance and motivation. In Proceedings of the 8^th International Conference on Software Development and Technologies for Enhancing Accessibility and Fighting Info-Exclusion (pp. 110-116). https://doi.org/10.1145/3218585.3218600
• Binkley, M., Erstad, O., Herman, J., Raizen, S., Ripley, M., Miller-Ricci, M., & Rumble, M. (2012). Defining twenty-first century skills. In E. Care, P. Griffin, & M. Wilson (Eds.), Assessment and teaching of 21^st century skills (pp. 17-66). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2324-5_2
• Bravo Sánchez, F., González Correal, A., & Guerrero, E. (2017). Interactive drama with robots for teaching non-technical subjects. Journal of Human-Robot Interaction, 6(2), pp. 48-69. https://doi.org/10.5898/JHRI.6.2.Bravo
• Chalmers, C. (2018). Robotics and computational thinking in primary school. International Journal of Child-Computer Interaction, 17, 93-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijcci.2018.06.005
• Chaudhary, V., Agrawal, V., Sureka, P., & Sureka, A. (2016). An experience report on teaching programming and computational thinking to elementary level children using lego robotics education kit. In Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE 8^th International Conference on Technology for Education (pp. 38-41). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/T4E.2016.016
• Chiazzese, G., Arrigo, M., Chifari, A., Lonati, V., & Tosto, C. (2019, October). Educational robotics in primary school: Measuring the development of computational thinking skills with the bebras tasks. Informatics, 6(4), Article 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/informatics6040043
• Chin, K.-Y., Hong, Z.-W., & Chen, Y.-L. (2014). Impact of using an educational rbot-based learning system on students’ motivation in elementary education. IEEE Transactions on Learning Technologies, 7(4), 333-345 https://doi.org/10.1109/TLT.2014.2346756
• Ching, Y.-H., Yang, D., Wang, S., Baek, Y., Swanson, S., & Chittoori, B. (2019). Elementary school student development of STEM attitudes and perceived learning in a STEM integrated robotics curriculum. TechTrends, 63, 590-601. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-019-00388-0
• Demertzi, E., Voukelatos, N., Papagerasimou, Y., & Drigas, A. S. (2018). Online learning facilities to support coding and robotics courses for youth. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 8(3), 69-80. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v8i3.8044
• Di Lieto, M., Inguaggiato, E., Castro, E., Cecchi, F., Cioni, G., Dell’Omo, M., Laschi, C., Pecini, C., Santerini, G., Sgandurra, G., & Dario, P. (2017). Educational robotics intervention on executive functions in preschool children: A pilot study. Computers in Human Behavior, 71, 16-23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.01.018
• Dolezal, D., Posekany, A., Roschger, C., Koppensteiner, G., Motschnig, R., & Pucher, R. (2018). Person-centered learning using peer review method–an evaluation and a concept for student-centered classrooms. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 8(1), 127-147. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v8i1.8099
• Eteokleous, N., & Ktoridou, D. (2014). Educational robotics as learning tools within the teaching and learning practice. In Proceedings of the 2014 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (pp. 1055-1058). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2014.6826237
• Fanchamps, N., Slangen, L., Hennissen, P., & Specht, M. (2021). The influence of SRA programming on algorithmic thinking and self-efficacy using Lego robotics in two types of instruction. International Journal of Technology and Design Education, 31, 203-222. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10798-019-09559-9
• Fatourou, E., Zygouris, N. C., Loukopoulos, T., & Stamoulis, G. I. (2018). Teaching concurrent programming concepts using Scratch in primary school: Methodology and evaluation. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 8(4), 89-105. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v8i4.8216
• Gabriele, L., & Bilotta, E. (2013). Robot for thinking: Cognitive strategies to experiment the use of educational robotics in classroom. In Proceedings of the EDULEARN13 (pp. 5801-5810). IATED.
• Gabriele, L., Marocco, D., Bertacchini, F., Pantano, P., & Bilotta, E. (2017). An educational robotics lab to investigate cognitive strategies and to foster learning in an arts and humanities course degree. International Journal of Online Engineering, 13(4), 7-19. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v13i04.6962
• Gratani, F., Giannandrea, L., Renieri, A., & Annessi, M. (2021). Fostering students’ problem-solving skills through educational robotics in primary school. In Proceedings of the Educational Robotics International Conference (pp. 3-14). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77022-8_1
• Kálózi-Szabó, C., Moha, K., & Cottini, M. (2022). Employing robotics in education to enhance cognitive development–A pilot study. Sustainability, 14(23), Article 15951. https://doi.org/10.3390/su142315951
• Kyriazopoulos, I., Koutromanos, G., Voudouri, A., & Galani, A. (2022). Educational robotics in primary education: A systematic literature review. In Research anthology on computational thinking, programming, and robotics in the classroom (pp. 782-806). IGI Global.https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-2411-7.ch034
• Liu, Y., Odic, D., Tang, X., Ma, A., Laricheva, M., Chen, G., Wu, S., Niu, M., Guo, Y., & Milner-Bolotin, M. (2023). Effects of robotics education on young children’s cognitive development: A pilot study with eye-tracking. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 32, 295-308. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-023-10028-1
• Masril, M., Ambiyar, A., Jalinus, N., Ridwan, R., & Hendrik, B. (2021). Robotic education in 21^st century: Teacher acceptance of lego mindstorms as powerful educational tools. Intenational Journal of Advence Computer Science and Applications, 12(2), 119-126. https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2021.0120216
• Moschella, M., & Basso, D. (2020). Computational thinking, spatial and logical skills. An investigation at primary school. Ricerche di Pedagogia e Didattica. Journal of Theories and Research in Education, 15(2), 69-89.
• Mutseekwa, C., Dzavo, J., Musaniwa, O., & Nshizirungu, G. (2024). Framing pre-service teacher preparation in Africa from global STEM education practices. Pedagogical Research, 9(3), Article em0215. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/14701
• Redecker, C., & Johannessen, Ø. (2013). Changing assessment–Towards a new assessment paradigm using ICT. European Journal of Education, 48(1), 79-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12018
• Romero, Μ., & Dupont, Y. (2016). Educational robotics: From procedural learning to co-creative project oriented challenges with LEGO® Wedo 2.0. In Proceedings of the EDULEARN16 (pp. 6159-6163). IATED. https://doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2016.0318
• Scaradozzi, D., Sorbi, L., Pedale, A., Valzano, M., & Vergine, C. (2015). Teaching robotics at the primary school: An innovative approach. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 174, 3838-3846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1122
• Usengül, L., & Bahçeci, F. (2020). The effect of LEGO® Wedo 2.0 education on academic achievement and attitudes and computational thinking skills of learners toward science. World Journal of Education, 10(4), 83-93. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v10n4p83
• Vicente, F., Llinares, A., & Sánchez, N. (2021). Curriculum analysis and design, implementation, and validation of a STEAM project through educational robotics in primary education. Computer Applications in Engineering Education, 29(1), 160-174. https://doi.org/10.1002/cae.22373
• Xefteris, S., & Palaigeorgiou, G. (2019). Mixing educational robotics, tangibles and mixed reality environments for the interdisciplinary learning of geography and history. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 9(2), 82-98. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v9i2.9950
• Zhang, L. (2024). Blended pedagogy for computer programming language. Pedagogical Research, 9(3), Article em0218. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/14744
• Zhang, Y., & Zhu, Y. (2022). Effects of educational robotics on the creativity and problem-solving skills of K-12 students: A meta-analysis. Educational Studies. https://doi.org/10.1080/03055698.2022.2107873
• Zygouris, N. C., Striftou, A., Dadaliaris, A. N., Stamoulis, G. I., Xenakis, A. C., & Vavougios, D. (2017a). The use of LEGO mindstorms in elementary schools. In Proceedings of the 2017 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (pp. 514-516). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/EDUCON.2017.7942895
• Zygouris, N. C., Vlachos, F., Dadaliaris, A. N., Oikonomou, P., Stamoulis, G. I., Vavougios, D., Nerantzaki, E., & Striftou, A. (2017b). A neuropsychological approach of developmental dyscalculia and a screening test via a web application. International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy, 7(4), 51-65. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v7i4.7434

APA

Aslanoglou, K., Zygouris, N. C., Tsermentseli, S., Beazidou, E., & Xenakis, A. (2025). Utilizing educational robotics in elementary school to foster problem-solving skills and enhance the teaching of history. Pedagogical Research, 10(1), em0231. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/15680

Vancouver

Aslanoglou K, Zygouris NC, Tsermentseli S, Beazidou E, Xenakis A. Utilizing educational robotics in elementary school to foster problem-solving skills and enhance the teaching of history. PEDAGOGICAL RES. 2025;10(1):em0231. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/15680

AMA

Aslanoglou K, Zygouris NC, Tsermentseli S, Beazidou E, Xenakis A. Utilizing educational robotics in elementary school to foster problem-solving skills and enhance the teaching of history. PEDAGOGICAL RES. 2025;10(1), em0231. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/15680

Chicago

Aslanoglou, Kalliopi, Nikolaos C. Zygouris, Stella Tsermentseli, Eleftheria Beazidou, and Apostolos Xenakis. "Utilizing educational robotics in elementary school to foster problem-solving skills and enhance the teaching of history". Pedagogical Research 2025 10 no. 1 (2025): em0231. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/15680

Harvard

Aslanoglou, K., Zygouris, N. C., Tsermentseli, S., Beazidou, E., and Xenakis, A. (2025). Utilizing educational robotics in elementary school to foster problem-solving skills and enhance the teaching of history. Pedagogical Research, 10(1), em0231. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/15680

MLA

Aslanoglou, Kalliopi et al. "Utilizing educational robotics in elementary school to foster problem-solving skills and enhance the teaching of history". Pedagogical Research, vol. 10, no. 1, 2025, em0231. https://doi.org/10.29333/pr/15680